Pendahuluan: Anemia merupakan masalah kesehatan utama pada remaja putri yang berdampak pada pertumbuhan, perkembangan, serta kesehatan reproduksi di masa depan. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian anemia pada remaja putri di SMPN 3 Majene, meliputi indeks massa tubuh (IMT), lingkar lengan atas (LILA), asupan protein, vitamin C, zat besi, siklus menstruasi, dan pendapatan orang tua. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan case-control. Sampel terdiri dari 78 siswi, yaitu 39 kasus (anemia) dan 39 kontrol (tidak anemia) yang dipilih secara stratified random sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui pengukuran antropometri, kuesioner, wawancara dengan SQ-FFQ, serta pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin. Analisis dilakukan dengan uji Fisher’s Exact Test dan Odds Ratio. Hasil: Asupan protein kurang meningkatkan risiko anemia 37,4 kali (OR=37,4; 95%CI 19,4– 134,5), asupan vitamin C kurang 15,3 kali (OR=15,3; 95%CI 4,8–48,7), dan asupan zat besi kurang 14,0 kali (OR=14,0; 95%CI 4,7–41,6). LILA kategori KEK meningkatkan risiko 3,5 kali (OR=3,5; 95%CI 1,3–9,2), siklus menstruasi tidak teratur 3,2 kali (OR=3,2; 95%CI 2,2–4,8), serta pendapatan orang tua rendah 2,8 kali (OR=2,8; 95%CI 1,1–7,2). Sementara itu, IMT gizi lebih menunjukkan hubungan tidak signifikan dengan anemia (OR=1,2; 95%CI 0,3–3,9). Kesimpulan: Asupan protein, vitamin C, zat besi, LILA, siklus menstruasi, dan pendapatan orang tua merupakan faktor risiko signifikan anemia. Intervensi gizi dan edukasi kesehatan reproduksi diperlukan untuk menurunkan prevalensi anemia pada remaja putri.
Introduction: Anemia is a major health problem among adolescent girls that affects growth, development, and future reproductive health. Objective: This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with anemia among adolescent girls at SMPN 3 Majene, including body mass index (BMI), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), protein intake, vitamin C intake, iron intake, menstrual cycle, and parental income. Methods: This study used an analytical observational design with a case-control approach. The sample consisted of 78 students, including 39 cases (anemia) and 39 controls (non-anemia) selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected through anthropometric measurements, questionnaires, interviews using SQ-FFQ, and hemoglobin examination. Data were analyzed using Fisher’s Exact Test and Odds Ratio. Results: Inadequate protein intake increased the risk of anemia by 37.4 times (OR=37.4; 95%CI 19.4– 134.5), inadequate vitamin C intake by 15.3 times (OR=15.3; 95%CI 4.8–48.7), and inadequate iron intake by 14.0 times (OR=14.0; 95%CI 4.7–41.6). MUAC classified as chronic energy deficiency (CED) increased the risk 3.5 times (OR=3.5; 95%CI 1.3–9.2), irregular menstrual cycles 3.2 times (OR=3.2; 95%CI
2.2–4.8), and low parental income 2.8 times (OR=2.8; 95%CI 1.1–7.2). Meanwhile, overweight BMI showed a non-significant association with anemia (OR=1.2; 95%CI 0.3–3.9). Conclusion: Protein intake, vitamin C intake, iron intake, MUAC, menstrual cycle, and parental income were significant risk factors for anemia. Nutritional interventions and reproductive health education are required to reduce the prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls.